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Teachers Activity links ____________________ Grammar advanced intermediate beginning ____________________ Reading abridged stories paraphrasing ____________________ Writing essay skills verb choice end focus ____________________ Listening Speaking Teaching Vowels s- endings note-taking skills ____________________ more to come... ____________________ created and maintained by Douglas E. Adams		Reduced Adverb Clauses page 6 - Passives Reducing Passive Adverb Clauses: When reducing passive clauses there are three things to keep in mind: Passive clauses reduce to the pp form. [like with group one adjective clauses] Whatever word occupies the space right after the subordinator in the passive dependent clause has to have the same meaning as the word that begins the independent clause.[There's a strategy for doing this.] Add "being" to the reduced form after the subordinators "Since", "While", "After", and "Before". [can be remembered as "SWAB"] Not every subordinator reduces in the passive. [ List of ones that can be reduced] Strategy for matching up the right parts: Sometimes it's difficult to plan an adverb clause sentence out and visualize what it will look like in it's passive form ahead of time.    For example: A student may write the active clause...     Unless Tom finds more money, he will not be able to buy anymore burgers.                         DC                                        IC ...and run into trouble when they want to try and reduce it as a passive adverb clause...    For example:     Unless more money is found by Tom, he will not be able to buy anymore burgers.                         DC                                        IC "more money" does not equal "he", and it's difficult to think of a good way to begin the independent clause with the word "money". So, how can we avoid this little problem? Start by writing an adverb clause without the independent clause. Make the adverb clause passive. Then fill in the independent clause with an appropriate matching part.    For example:     Once Tom married Jessica , .....                  DC                                        IC     Once Jessica was married by Tom , .....                  DC                                        IC Now we just need to begin our IC with "Jessica" or "she", and we're good to go.     Once Jessica was married by Tom , she realized she'd need more money for burgers.                  DC                                        IC At this point, we can reduce the adverb clause by deleting the direct object [Jessica] and the be verb.    For example:     Once married by Tom , Jessica realized she'd need more money for burgers            DC                                        IC *In the real world this isn't a big deal because students won't be required to specifically write such forms in their essays and papers. They can simply take advantage of opportunities to make an adverb clause passive and reduced as they come along naturally in their writing. The strategy above is mostly for students who are learning and practicing this form in their grammar classes. Next...

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