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Teachers Activity links ____________________ Grammar advanced intermediate beginning ____________________ Reading abridged stories paraphrasing ____________________ Writing essay skills verb choice end focus ____________________ Listening Speaking Teaching Vowels s- endings note-taking skills ____________________ more to come... ____________________ created and maintained by Douglas E. Adams		Reduced Adverb Clauses page 5 - Passives Reducing Passive Adverb Clauses: When reducing passive clauses there are three things to keep in mind: Passive clauses reduce to the pp form. [like with group one adjective clauses] Whatever word occupies the space right after the subordinator in the passive dependent clause has to have the same meaning as the word that begins the independent clause.[There's a strategy for doing this.] Add "being" to the reduced form after the subordinators "Since", "While", "After", and "Before". [can be remembered as "SWAB"] Not every subordinator reduces in the passive. [ List of ones that can be reduced] Passive clauses reduce to the pp form:    For example: in the active clause...     When Tom ate a bad burger, it made him sick.                         DC                                        IC ..."Tom" and "it"[the burger] do not equal each other, but when we convert the adverb clause to passive, we end up with the right relationship to reduce.    For example:     When a bad burger was eaten by Tom, it made him sick.                         DC                                        IC "bad burger" now equals "it". At this point, we can reduce the adverb clause by deleting the direct object [bad burger] and the be verb. [This process is similar to the way we reduce an S-O or O-O adjective clause.]    For example:     When eaten by Tom, a bad burger made him sick.                  DC                                        IC *Special Note: Because of their meaning, the subordinators "when" and "while" are special in that they can be deleted from the reduced form [Just as in the active sentences]. Keep in mind that the resulting sentence will look exactly like a reduced and fronted S-O adjective clause , so there could be some ambiguity in the meaning.    For example:     Eaten by Tom, a bad burger made him sick.            DC                                        IC Next...Strategy for reducing passive clauses

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